Batch Rendering is a rendering mode which exports the model to a file, and then renders the file in a separate process.
It has 3 main uses and benefits.
Large Models - Models which are too large to render directly from SketchUp can be rendered in batch mode.
Animation - Batch mode is used for animation, because animations need to load and reload the model when there are layer changes, and because animations typically take a long time to render.
Network Rendering - The entire folder containing the rendering information and files can be accessed across a network, or copied to a thumb drive or another machine and used to render the model.